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12
HEALTHY LIFE
HEART & STROKE
May 1-2, 2013
By ROB CULLIVAN
Pamplin Media Group
D
r. Virginia Brooks, a profes-
sor in the Department of
Physiology and Pharmacolo-
gy at Oregon Health & Sci-
ence University, is a big fan of the
American Heart Association.
“AHA is great at funding risky ideas
with a high degree of potential impact
so you can get the preliminary data
that allows you to go to the National
Institutes of Health and get bigger
grants,” she says.
The researcher notes that the AHA
has provided her team about $70,000
per year in funding over the past five
years. This has enabled her to pursue
studies on a variety of subjects, includ-
ing her latest one, which examines the
effects of the pancreatic hormone, in-
sulin, on the brain to increase the ac-
tivity of the sympathetic nervous sys-
tem, or in layman’s terms, the “fight or
flight nervous system.”
“Insulin increases when we eat, and
eating causes the blood vessels of the
gut to dilate, to accept and distribute
absorbed nutrients,” she says. Blood
vessel dilation tends to decrease blood
pressure, Brooks says, and because in-
creased sympathetic activity con-
stricts your gut’s and other blood ves-
sels, this action helps keep our blood
pressure normal during eating.
“Insulin also improves the function
of the baroreceptor reflex, which is the
blood pressure control system that
causes sympathetic activity to increase
when blood pressure falls,” she says.
However, what she and her fellow
OHSU researchers want to find out is
what happens when insulin actions
take a potentially dangerous turn in
two groups of people — the pregnant
and the obese.
Pregnancy
During pregnancy, the actions of in-
sulin on the brain are markedly mut-
ed, so that the baroreflex becomes im-
paired, Brooks says.
“This is a problem, since hemor-
OHSU researcher credits AHA for funding
“In these
modern times
women still die
of hemorrhage
and still die of
pre-eclampsia.”
— Dr. Virginia Brooks
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■
Group backs study of insulin’s effect on blood pressure
rhage accompanies every delivery,” she
says. “As a result, the ability of the
body to keep blood pressure near nor-
mal levels despite blood loss is re-
duced.”
Not surprisingly, she says, hemor-
rhagic hypotension (low blood pressure
caused by bleeding) “is a major cause
of maternal death, as is pre-eclampsia,”
which is high blood pressure and ex-
cess protein in the urine after 20 weeks
of pregnancy in a woman who previ-
ously had normal blood pressure.
“In these modern times women still
die of hemorrhage and still die of pre-
eclampsia,” she says.
Indeed, the Centers for Disease Con-
trol and Prevention notes about 650
U.S. women die yearly from pregnancy-
related complications, and Brooks esti-
mates pre-eclampsia or hemorrhagic
hypotension are a factor in at least 30
percent of such deaths. Brooks says
her team hopes to uncover information
that could lead to better forms of treat-
ment for women who experience pre-
eclampsia or hemorrhage.
Obesity
Interestingly, while a reduced brain
insulin’s actions can lead to dangerous-
ly lower blood pressure in pregnant
women or those in labor, insulin seems
to act in an opposite manner in obese
males, Brooks says.
“The actions of insulin on the brain
are magnified tenfold in males, but not
in females,” she says, noting it’s not
known why this is the case. “Obesity is
known to cause hypertension in many
individuals by increasing sympathetic
nerve activity, but the mechanism is
unknown.”
Brooks says her team wants to “un-
derstand the brain mechanisms that
lead to this hypersensitivity to insulin
in males.”
Obesity costs the U.S. health system
$150 billion each year, she adds, so ef-
fective treatments need to be devel-
oped to combat its ill effects.
For more information on Brooks’ re-
search, visit ohsu.com and search for
“Brooks Lab.”